Holland, John Philip

Holland, John Philip
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping
[br]
b. 29 February 1840 Liscanor, Co. Clare, Ireland
d. 12 August 1915 Newark, New Jersey, USA
[br]
Irish/American inventor of the successful modern submarine
[br]
Holland was educated first in his native town and later in Limerick, a seaport bustling with coastal trade ships. His first job was that of schoolteacher, and as such he worked in various parts of Ireland until he was about 32 years old. A combination of his burning patriotic zeal for Ireland and his interest in undersea technology (then in its infancy) made him consider designs for underwater warships for use against the British Royal Navy in the fight for Irish independence. He studied all known works on the subject and commenced drawing plans, but he was unable to make real headway owing to a lack of finance.
In 1873 he travelled to the United States, ultimately settling in New Jersey and continuing in the profession of teaching. His work on submarine design continued, but in 1875 he suffered a grave setback when the United States Navy turned down his designs. Help came from an unexpected source, the Irish Republican Brotherhood, or Fenian Society, which had been founded in Dublin and New York in 1858. Financial help enabled Holland to build a 4 m (13 ft) one-person craft, which was tested in 1878, and then a larger boat of 19 tonnes' displacement that was tested with a crew of three to depths of 20 m (65 ft) in New York's harbour in 1883. Known as the Fenian Ram, it embodied most of the principles of modern submarines, including weight compensation. The Fenians commandeered this boat, but they were unable to operate it satisfactorily and it was relegated to history.
Holland continued work, at times independently and sometimes with others, and continuously advocated submarines to the United States Navy. In 1895 he was successful in winning a contract for US$150,000 to build the US Submarine Plunger at Baltimore. With too much outside interference, this proved an unsatisfactory venture. However, with only US$5,000 of his capital left, Holland started again and in 1898 he launched the Holland at Elizabeth, New Jersey. This 16 m (52 ft) vessel was successful, and in 1900 it was purchased by the United States Government.
Six more boats were ordered by the Americans, and then some by the Russians and the Japanese. The British Royal Navy ordered five, which were built by Vickers Son and Maxim (now VSEL) at Barrow-in-Furness in the years up to 1903, commencing their long run of submarine building. They were licensed by another well-known name, the Electric Boat Company, which had formerly been the J.P.Holland Torpedo Boat Company.
Holland now had some wealth and was well known. He continued to work, trying his hand at aeronautical research, and in 1904 he invented a respirator for use in submarine rescue work. It is pleasing to record that one of his ships can be seen to this day at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport: HM Submarine Holland No. 1, which was lost under tow in 1913 but salvaged and restored in the 1980s.
[br]
Principal Honours and Distinctions
Order of the Rising Sun, Japan, 1910.
Bibliography
1900, "The submarine boat and its future", North American Review (December). Holland wrote several other articles of a similar nature.
Further Reading
R.K.Morris, 1966 John P.Holland 1841–1914, Inventor of the Modern Submarine, Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute.
F.W.Lipscomb, 1975, The British Submarine, London: Conway Maritime Press. A.N.Harrison, 1979, The Development of HM Submarines from Holland No. 1 (1901) to
Porpoise (1930), Bath: MoD Ships Department (internal publication).
FMW

Biographical history of technology. - Taylor & Francis e-Librar. . 2005.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Holland, John Philip — ▪ American inventor born Feb. 29, 1840, Liscannor, County Clare, Ire. died Aug. 12, 1914, Newark, N.J., U.S.       father of the modern submarine, who designed and built the first underwater vessel accepted by the U.S. Navy.       Educated at… …   Universalium

  • John Philip Holland — ( ga. Seán Pilib Ó Maolchalann) (29 February, 1840 ndash;12 August, 1914 [ [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article 9040797/John Philip Holland John Philip Holland article, Encyclopaedia Britannica] ] ) was an engineer who developed the first… …   Wikipedia

  • John Philip Holland — (irisch Seán Ó Maolchalann; * 24. Februar 1841 in Liscannor, Irland; † 12. August 1914 in Newark, USA) war ein irisch/US amerikanischer Erfinder. Er konstruierte die erst …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • John Philip Holland — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Holland. Holland à l intérieur de l écoutille de secours du Holland VI …   Wikipédia en Français

  • John P. Holland — John Philip Holland John Philip Holland (irisch Seán Ó Maolchalann; * 24. Februar 1841 in Liscannor, Irland; † 12. August 1914 in Newark, USA) war ein irisch/US amerikanischer Erfinder. Er konstruierte die ersten praktisch eingesetz …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Holland —  Pour l’article homophone, voir Hollande (homonymie). Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Holland peut désigner : Sommaire …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Philip the Good — Philip the Good, wearing the collar of firesteels of the Order of the Golden Fleece he instituted, copy of a Roger van der Weyden of c.1450 Duke of Burgundy …   Wikipedia

  • Holland (Familienname) — Holland ist ein Familienname. Namensträger Inhaltsverzeichnis A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • John Holland — is the name of several notable persons in history:* John L. Holland is a psychologist who developed the RIASEC model (or Holland Codes) for career development [http://www.self directed search.com/] * John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter (1352?… …   Wikipedia

  • John Holland — ist der Name folgender Personen: John Holland, 1. Duke of Exeter ( 1352–1400), englischer Adeliger John Holland. 2. Duke of Exeter (1395–1447), englischer Militärführer im Hundertjährigen Krieg John Holland (Resident), britischer Resident in… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Holland 1 — was the first submarine commissioned by the Royal Navy, the first in a six boat batch of the Holland class submarine. She can still be seen at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport.HistoryIn 1901 she was commissioned from John Philip Holland… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”